In 1650 the Holy Office of the Inquisition was still actively pursuing Jewish converts to Catholicism who were suspected of practicing Judaism in secret.  The exile of all Jews from France, declared by King Charles IV in 1394, continued unabated and had forced the remnant of French Jewish life to become entirely covert.  Jews were still forbidden from living in England due to the Edict of Expulsion  of 1290 declared by  King Edward I.  In Italy, by order of Papal decrees, Jews were living in crowded ghettos and were required to wear distinctive yellow hats. At this time, a French artist transformed the 22 major arcana of traditional Italian Trionfi cards into an entirely different set of images that have proven enduringly captivating.   For nearly 400 years, the Judaic content of the Tarot de Marseille has been either unrecognized, misunderstood or ignored.